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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Resisted breathing exercise versus incentive spirometer training on vital capacity in postoperative radical cystectomy cases: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Eman M Othman, Shaimaa A Abaas, Hamada H Hassan
July-December 2016, 21(2):61-67
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.196776
Background
Radical cystectomy at times involves respiratory physical therapy aiming to reverse pulmonary dysfunction, thus avoiding postoperative pulmonary complications that increase hospital morbidity.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resisted breathing exercise versus incentive spirometer (IS) training on vital capacity (VC) outcomes in postoperative radical cystectomy cases.
Patients and methods
Forty male and female patients between 40 and 80 years of age who had undergone radical cystectomy participated in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups of 20 each; both groups received traditional physical approaches. In addition, group A (19 men and 1 woman) received IS training for 15 min daily for 6 weeks, and group B (16 men and 4 women) received resisted breathing exercise for 15 min daily, for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was VC, which was measured using an electronic spirometer.
Results
This study showed a significant increase (
P
<0.05) in VC in both groups on comparing pretreatment and post-treatment values within each group. After 6 weeks of treatment, between-group statistical analysis showed equal improvements in VC (
P
=0.52). Nevertheless, the percentage of improvement in VC was 43.5% (2.46±0.64), higher than that in the resisted breathing exercise group at 23.9% (2.34±0.53).
Conclusion
IS produced better objective improvement in VC compared with the usage of resistive breathing exercise. However, both are considered as a gold therapeutic tool in the management of pulmonary complication after radical cystectomy.
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Postnatal rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles using aerobic and Kegel exercises
Engy M El Nahas, Marwa A Mohamed, Hesham M Kamal
July-December 2017, 22(2):67-73
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_64_16
Background
Weakness of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) is the most important consequence of childbirth and is determined by specific alterations in its structure and physiological function.
Objective
This study was conducted to determine and add evidence on the effect of aerobic exercises and biofeedback-assisted Kegel exercises on PFMs strength and thickness in postnatal women.
Participants and methods
A total of 50 primiparous women experiencing mild-degree stress urinary incontinence 3 months postnatally participated in this study; their age ranged from 20 to 30 years. They were divided into two equal groups. Study group (group A) (aerobic+Kegel exercises) consisted of 25 primiparous women who performed aerobic exercise in addition to biofeedback-assisted Kegel exercises, and the control group (group B) (Kegel exercise) consisted of 25 primiparous women who performed only biofeedback-assisted Kegel exercises. Assessment of the PFMs’ strength was performed by using the perineometer, whereas assessment of the PFMs’ thickness was performed by using perineal ultrasound at relaxation and during contraction.
Results
The results of this study revealed a highly statistical significant increase in the PFMs’ strength, as the
P
was less than 0.001, and a statistical significant increase in the PFMs’ thickness both at relaxation and during contraction, as the
P
was less than 0.05, in both groups (groups A and B) after treatment, in favor of group (group A).
Conclusion
It could be concluded that adding aerobic exercise to biofeedback-assisted Kegel exercises would improve PFMs’ strength and thickness than biofeedback-assisted Kegel exercises only.
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Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of Kinovea software for measurement of shoulder range of motion
Reham M Abd Elrahim, Eman A Embaby, Mohamed F Ali, Ragia M Kamel
July-December 2016, 21(2):80-87
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.196778
Background
Goniometry is a tool used frequently for measuring and documenting range of motion (ROM) during a physical therapy examination. With modern innovations in technology, new methods other than the universal goniometer have been applied. Kinovea software is a recent video-based method that uses a virtual goniometer to obtain values for the ROM of joints. However, the software’s reliability in measuring shoulder joint ROM has not been studied.
Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the inter-rater and intrarater reliability of Kinovea software for measuring shoulder joint ROM in healthy individuals.
Materials and methods
Shoulder joint ROM was measured in 52 healthy individuals (mean±SD age was 26.7±4.2 years) using Kinovea photographic measurements by three trained raters. Intrarater reliability was examined by a single rater within the same day. Shoulder flexion, abduction, and external and internal rotation ROM were measured with the patient in supine position.
Results
The inter-rater reliability ranged from an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.95 to 0.98, whereas the intrarater reliability ranged from an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.98 to 0.99.
Conclusion
This study showed highly reliable shoulder joint ROM measurements in healthy adults using the Kinovea software.
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5
Jebsen Taylor Hand Function test: Gender, dominance, and age differences in healthy Egyptian population
Mary K.N Takla, Enas A.K Mahmoud, Neveen Abd El-Latif
July-December 2018, 23(2):85-93
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_11_18
Background
The Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) was established to provide a standardized and objective evaluation of fine and gross motor hand function using simulated activities of daily living.
Aim
The aims of this study were to establish normative data for hand function using JTHFT and to investigate the effect of age, sex and dominance differences on hand function in healthy Egyptian individuals.
Participants and methods
One shot cross-sectional descriptive design was used. One hundred and fifty normal Egyptians were equally stratified into three age groups: 20–29, 30–39, and 40–50. JTHFT subtests were introduced to all participants, which included writing, turning over 3 by 5-inch cards, picking up small common objects, simulated feeding, stacking checkers, picking up large objects, and picking up a large heavy object. Speed on completing each JTHFT subtest was calculated in seconds, and the total score was computed.
Results
Statistically significant differences were found between sex, age and dominance (
P
<0.0001).
Conclusion
This study presents normative data of JTHFT among middle-aged Egyptians. Our results provide evidence that handedness and age may affect hand function, especially high-level fine dexterity activities. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between sex and hand function in individuals who were 20–50 years of age in the Egyptian population.
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Effect of kinesio taping therapy combined with breathing exercises on childbirth duration and labor pain: a randomized controlled trial
Ghada E El-Refaye, Engy M El Nahas, Hassan O Ghareeb
January-June 2016, 21(1):23-31
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.188026
Background
Labor pain is a common complaint. The method used to reduce maternal discomfort should be efficacious and safe for the mother and the child. Several alternative methods have been reported to reduce childbirth pain.
Objective
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping combined with breathing exercises on childbirth duration and labor pain.
Participants and methods
This study was conducted on 40 normal full-term primigravida women during the first stage of labor with regular painful, palpable uterine contraction, and cervical dilatation between 3 and 5 cm. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups, group A and group B. Group A (the study group) consisted of 20 women, and group B (the control group) consisted of 20 women. All participants in both groups A and B performed breathing exercises in addition to conventional medical treatment. However, group A patients received kinesio taping at the lumbar region and anterior lower abdomen during the first stage of normal labor. Assessment of all participants in both groups A and B was carried out before and after the treatment program using visual analogue scale (VAS), cardiotocography, and by measuring the duration of the first stage of labor using a stopwatch.
Results
There was a nonsignificant difference between group A and group B in pain intensity using VAS in the first stage of labor at the first reading (cervical dilatation: 3–4 cm). However, there was a highly significant difference between group A and group B in the pain intensity using VAS in the first stage of labor at the second reading (cervical dilatation: 7–8 cm), favoring group A. Furthermore, there was a highly significant difference between group A and group B in the duration of the first stage of labor, favoring group A.
Conclusion
These results suggest that kinesio taping combined with breathing exercise is an effective method in reducing labor pain and shortening the duration of the first stage of labor.
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2
Efficacy of noninvasive respiratory techniques in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma: a randomized controlled trial
Ragab K Elnaggar, Mohammed A Shendy
January-June 2016, 21(1):1-10
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.188025
Background and purpose
Although the effects of the respiratory techniques are appreciated, it is yet in need to be defined for the treatment of children with bronchial asthma. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of the active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT), Buteyko breathing technique (BBT), and thoracic lymphatic pump technique (TLPT) on the total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E, ventilatory function, and asthma perception in children with bronchial asthma.
Materials and methods
In a randomized controlled trial, 54 children with bronchial asthma randomly allocated to three equal groups. The groups were then randomly assigned to the following interventions: the ACBT group, the BBT group, or the TLPT group. Total serum IgE, ventilatory function, and perception of asthma were evaluated before treatment and after 3 consecutive months of treatment.
Results
No significant differences were found between groups at entry (
P
>0.05). There were nonsignificant differences as regards all outcome measures within the ACBT group (
P
>0.05) and significant differences within the BBT group and the TLPT group (
P
<0.05). Significant difference in total serum IgE in favor of the BBT group was recorded when compared with ACBT group (
P
=0.046) and the TLPT group (
P
=0.036). Moreover, significant differences in ventilatory function measures favoring the BBT group in comparison with the ACBT group and the BBT group (
P
<0.05) were recorded. Finally, asthma control was significantly higher in the BBT group than ACBT group (
P
=0.017) but not BBT group (
P
=0.081).
Conclusion
The BBT and TLPT are more advantageous compared with the ACBT in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma, and Buteyko breathing is potentially more valuable.
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2
Accumulative effect of ankle kinesio taping on postural control in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy
Zeinab A Hussein, Gehan H El-Meniawy
July-December 2015, 20(2):154-160
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.174696
Background and purpose
Postural control deficit is one of the primary causes of impairments in hemiparetic cerebral palsy, and ankle strategy is one of the muscle synergies to control posture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accumulative effect of ankle taping on postural control in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
Patients and methods
A total of 30 children participated in this study, with a mean age of 6.2 ± 0.79 years, mean weight of 25.06 ± 4.43 kg, mean height of 120.6 ± 12.33 cm, and with a degree of spasticity of 1 and 1+ according to the Modified Ashworth Scale. They were divided randomly into two groups: group A and group B. Kinesio taping was applied to the involved ankle joint for children in group B for successive 5 days/week. Rehabilitation exercises were prescribed for children in both groups three times per week for successive 12 weeks. The Biodex system was used to measure dynamic stability indexes. The measurements were carried out before and after the treatment program.
Results
The post-treatment results revealed a significant decrease in stability indexes in group B after 6 weeks of treatment and a significant decrease in stability indexes between the two groups before and after 12 weeks of treatment program (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
Ankle taping has an accumulative effect on postural control and it can improve postural control in conjunction with physical rehabilitation for children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
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Effect of reproductive hormones variation during menstrual cycle on hip abductor and adductor muscles performance in college students
Abeer M ElDeeb, Doaa M Osman, Hanaa K Atta, Hamada A Hamada
July-December 2019, 24(2):72-78
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_28_18
Background
The hip abductors and adductors play an important role in the stability of the hip and knee joints and knee injury risk. Menstrual cycle is associated with hormones fluctuations that may affect functions of muscles and ligaments and increase the knee risk injury. However, their effect on the abductors and adductors performance is still unknown, which may be a step in developing conditioning programs to reduce injury risk.
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effect of hormones variation during menstrual cycle on abductor and adductor muscles performance in sedentary college students.
Patients and methods
Twenty-four college students completed the study protocol. Their age and BMI ranged from 19 to 25 years and 25–29.9 kg/m
2
, respectively. Levels of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured. Biodex system 3-isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure isokinetic parameters of hip abductor and adductor muscles including peak torque, maximum work, total work, average power, work repetition number, work fatigue percentage, angle of peak torque, acceleration time, and deceleration time. Measurements were taken during early follicular (1–3 days) and mid-luteal phases (21–23 days), which were detected using basal body temperature method.
Results
There were significant increases in estradiol (
P
=0.0001), progesterone (
P
=0.002), peak torque of hip abductors (
P
=0.03) and adductors (
P
=0.04), maximum work of hip abductors (
P
=0.01), total work of hip abductors (
P
=0.01) and adductors (
P
=0.02), and average power of hip abductors (
P
=0.0.01) and adductors (
P
=0.02) during the mid-luteal phase compared with the early follicular phase.
Conclusions
Abductor and adductor muscles strength changes with the surging levels of estradiol and progesterone during normal menstrual cycle that need to be considered in strengthening exercises for sedentary college students to avoid injury risk.
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Acu-tens improves lung function in patients with chronic bronchial asthma: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Faten M Elnozhe, Nezar Rifaat
January-June 2017, 22(1):1-8
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.209873
Context
Bronchial asthma greatly affects patient’s quality of life. Application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on acupuncture is a promising noninvasive modality that may assist in controlling dyspnoea and improving lung function in those patients.
Aims
This study investigated the effect of Acu-TENS on lung function [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)] and the modified medical research council dyspnoea scale.
Settings and design
This study was conducted as a double-blind randomized controlled trial among 40 male patients diagnosed with moderate chronic bronchial asthma selected from Elmenia University Hospitals.
Patients and methods
Their ages ranged from 35 to 45 years with a mean value of 41.45±2.74 years. They were assigned randomly to two equal groups: the experimental (Acu-TENS) group, which received 45 min of Acu-TENS on bilateral Dingchuan acupoints three sessions/week for 4 weeks, and the control (placebo-TENS) group, which received 45 min of placebo-TENS 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Lung function was measured as FEV1 and FVC using a portable spirometer. Dyspnoea was measured using the modified medical research council dyspnoea scale. Assessment was carried out before and after 1 month of treatment.
Results
The results revealed that after treatment there was a significant improvement in FEV1, which increased by 15.08%, and FVC, which increased by 13.18%, in favour of the Acu-TENS group when compared with the control group (
P
=0.037 and 0.016 for FEV1 and FVC, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the modified medical research council dyspnoea scale between the Acu-TENS group and the placebo-TENS group after treatment (
P
=0.343).
Conclusion
It was concluded that Acu-TENS on bilateral Ding Chuan acupoints for 4 weeks is an effective approach for improving lung function (FEV1 and FVC).
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Caffeine phonophoresis versus shock wave therapy for adult women with cellulite: a randomized controlled trial
Haidy N Ashem, Amira H Draz, Amr A Abdel-Aziem
July-December 2019, 24(2):66-71
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_27_18
Background
Cellulite is a widespread problem involving women’s buttocks and thighs (85% of postadolescent women). It is characterized by an irregular, dimpled skin surface with thinning of the epidermis/dermis and presence of nodular clusters of fat cells. Caffeine has anticellulite effect owing to its lipolytic activity in fatty cells. Moreover, shock wave therapy treats cellulite through improvement of cell permeability.
Objective
To compare between the effects of caffeine phonophoresis and shock wave therapy in the treatment of women with cellulite.
Participants and methods
A total of 41 women with bilateral cellulite grade 2 and 3 at their thighs (ages 30–45 years) were randomly assigned into two groups. The caffeine phonophoresis group received caffeine 5% gel phonophoresis with an intensity of 0.2 W/cm
2
at a rate of 1 min/cm
2
, three times/week. The shock wave group received shock wave therapy for two times/week. The treatments were conducted to a randomly selected side (the contralateral side serving as an untreated control). The cellulite grade and skin fold thickness were measured before and after 4 weeks of intervention.
Results
There was a significant decrease in the cellulite grade and skin fold thickness of the treated side of both groups (
P
=0.001). There was no significant difference between the pretreatment values of both groups (
P
=0.724 and 0.341, respectively), and no significant difference between the posttreatment values of cellulite grade and skin fold thickness of both groups (
P
=0.149 and 0.268, respectively).
Conclusion
Caffeine phonophoresis and shock wave therapy were equally effective in improving the cellulite grade and skin fold thickness in adult women with cellulite.
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Efficacy of cryoflow therapy in induced muscle soreness: a randomized trial
Salah Eldin B Elsayed, Neveen A Abdel Raoof, Nagwa S Abdallah
July-December 2015, 20(2):137-145
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.174692
Background
An individual experiencing delayed-onset muscle soreness notices pain and aching within the affected muscles, decreased range of motion, and loss in muscle strength beginning 12-24 h after exercise, peaking between 48 and 72 h, and subsiding within 5-7 days after exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of locally applied cryoflow therapy on pain and function in induced muscle soreness of nondominant elbow flexors.
Participants and methods
Sixty healthy individuals participated in this study. They were divided randomly into two groups, 30 in each group. Pre-exercise measures were recorded for pressure pain threshold using a pressure algometer and level of limitation using Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation. Participants performed free-weight curl exercises until fatigue using a 10-lb dumbbell at a tempo of 1 s for the concentric phase and 3 s for the eccentric phase to induce muscle soreness. Group A underwent cryoflow therapy administered immediately after exercise using a ShockMaster ICE-CT cryotherapy device at 12°C for 10 min once a day for 4 days. Group B underwent cold treatment using a flexible gel pack for 10 min once a day for 4 days. Dependent variables were assessed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise.
Results
Statistically significant differences were found between both groups for pain using pressure threshold and pain level of the Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation scale at 48 and 72 h (
P
= 0.01, 0.002, and 0.0006, 0.0001, respectively); for the functional scale, statistically significant differences were found only at 72 h (
P
= 0.0001).
Conclusion
Cryoflow therapy was superior in overcoming delayed-onset muscle soreness than the use of a cryogel pack in case of induced muscle soreness.
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Effect of trunk belt on function in children with diplegia
Hend A Wahsh, Kamal E Shoukry, Nanees E Mohamed
July-December 2016, 21(2):68-73
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.196777
Background and purpose
Trunk control can offer many solutions for posture and movement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using modified trunk belt on sitting and standing in diplegic children.
Patients and methods
Thirty diplegic cerebral palsy children from both sexes participated. Their ages ranged from 3 to 6 years. They were divided randomly into two groups: control and study. The control group received a designed physical therapy program, and the study group received a designed physical therapy program in addition to proprioceptive training using a modified trunk belt. The sitting and standing domains were evaluated using the Gross Motor Function Measure for both groups before and after 3 successive months of treatment.
Results
The Wilcoxon test revealed that the gross motor function of children from both groups improved significantly after 3 months of treatment in both the sitting and standing domains. The Mann–Whitney test revealed that children in the study group showed a significantly greater improvement in both domains compared with the control group.
Conclusion
Proprioceptive training using trunk belt with physical therapy program could be used as an effective method for improving gross motor function of both sitting and standing in children with diplegia.
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1
Impact of high-intensity interval training on HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hany F Elsisi, Yasser M Aneis, Khaled M Mounir
July-December 2015, 20(2):168-175
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.174710
Background
Exercises are often recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve physical conditioning and glycemic control.
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in T2DM on a short-term basis (after 12 weeks of training).
Patients and methods
Forty patients women diagnosed with T2DM were selected from the outpatient clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University; their ages ranged from 55 to 65 years. Patients were assigned randomly to two equal groups (
n
= 20). Group A, the study group, received HIIT and training by treadmill and group B, the control group, received training by treadmill. Exercise training was performed for 20-38 min for group A and for 20-30 min for group B three times a week for 12 weeks. HbA1c was evaluated before training and after 3 months of training (after training).
Results
There was a statistically significant difference in the two groups in HbA1c, where the mean values for group A before and after treatment were 6.290 ± 0.130 and 5.460 ± 0.092, respectively, and those for group B before and after treatment were 6.405 ± 107 and 6.025 ± 0.156, respectively. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in HbA1c (
P
= 0.04), where group A showed greater improvement in HbA1c than group B on a short-term basis.
Conclusion
Regular participation in HIIT was more effective and an alternative to aerobic training in improving HbA1c in T2DM.
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Effect of kinesio taping on chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
Amira M El-Gendy, Olfat Ibrahim Ali, Hamada Ahmed Hamada, Rafik Radwan
July-December 2018, 23(2):101-107
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_8_18
Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kinesio taping (KT) combined with exercises on pain, functional disability, and cervical range of motion (CROM) for patients with chronic mechanical neck pain (MNP) after 1 and 6 weeks of intervention.
Patients and methods
A total of 60 patients with MNP participated in this randomized clinical trial; their age ranged from 30 to 40 years. They were assigned randomly into two equal groups: the control group received infrared, stretching, isometric, and strengthening exercises 3 days per week for 6 weeks, and the experimental group received KT in addition to the same program as the control group. Pain level, neck function, and CROM were measured by visual analog scale, neck disability index (NDI), and CROM, respectively. Data were collected at baseline, after 1 week, and after 6 weeks of intervention for both groups.
Results
Multivariate analysis of variance test showed a significant reduction in pain level (
F
=6.588,
P
=0.016), and NDI (
F
=4.961,
P
=0.034) after 1 week favoring the experimental group. There was a main significant effect of time (
P
<0.05) after 6 weeks; however, there was no significant interaction for pain, NDI, and CROM after 6 weeks (
P
>0.05).
Conclusion
KT combined with conventional treatment after 1 week was found to be effective in improving pain, and functional ability than conventional treatment alone in patients with MNP, while there was no difference between both groups after 6 weeks.
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Effects of the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique on pain intensity, range of motion, and functional disability in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain
Basma H Hasaneen, Reda S.A Eweda, Alaa E.A Hakim Balbaa
January-June 2018, 23(1):15-21
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_67_16
Background
Chronic mechanical low back pain is a common clinical condition encountered by physical therapists. It has a mechanical origin that lasts more than 3 months.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique on pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), and functional disability in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain.
Patients and methods
Thirty female patients with a mean age of 23.8±0.86 years who had chronic mechanical low back pain were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group A received exercise training (stretching and strengthening) and the suboccipital muscle inhibition treatment for five consecutive sessions. Group B received only exercise training (stretching and strengthening) for five consecutive sessions. Both groups were assessed using the visual analog scale for pain intensity, Modified–Modified Schober’s test for ROM of lumbar flexion and extension, and the Oswestary functional disability questionnaire for functional disability. Patients were assessed before and after treatment.
Results
The results of this study showed that there were significant improvements in pain, ROM in the lumbar region (flexion and extension), and functional disability in both groups A and B (
P
<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups; however, there was a clinical difference in favor of group A.
Conclusion
It was concluded that the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique combined with exercises have better clinical effects than exercises alone in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain.
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Effect of calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate gel phonophoresis on psoriasis: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Ereny S Wahba
July-December 2019, 24(2):57-65
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_23_18
Background
Psoriasis is a common, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease that can affect all aspects of a person’s life including esthetic appearance, relationships with others, and psychological, social, and physical functioning.
Objective
This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic benefits of calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate gel (Dovobet gel) phonophoresis in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
Patients and methods
Forty patients with a moderate degree of psoriasis (localized psoriasis) were included, and their age ranged from 25 to 45 years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: the study group underwent calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate gel phonophoresis and the control group underwent calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate gel. All treatment interventions were applied at a frequency of three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures were performed through ultrasound imaging system that was used to measure the thickness of the skin. The assessment was done before treatment and after 8 weeks of the treatment.
Results
There was a significant decrease in the skin thickness after treatment in the study group compared with that of control group (
P
<0.0001).
Conclusion
Calcipotriol plus betamethasone diproprionate phonophoresis is a useful therapeutic procedure in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
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Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of Surgimap Spine software for measuring spinal postural angles from digital photographs
Nesma A Helmy, Mohsen M El-Sayyad, Omaima M Kattabei
July-December 2015, 20(2):193-199
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.174719
Background and purpose
An accurate noninvasive measurement of spinal angles is crucial for detecting postural problems and for assessing therapeutic intervention for students in school. This study was conducted to evaluate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of Surgimap Spine software for measuring spinal postural angles from digital photos of adolescents in schools.
Participants and methods
Twenty-two adolescent students of both sexes (10 boys and 12 girls) participated in this reliability study. The researcher took four photographs of each adolescent from different standing views; at intra-rater analysis, one rater analyzed the four photos at three different time, whereas at inter-rater analysis three raters analyzed them once. Reliability was quantified with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), repeated measurement analysis (RMA), and standard of measurement error (SEM).
Results
Intra-rater reliability of all spinal postural angles [head tilt, shoulder tilt, pelvic tilt from anterior view, scapular tilt, gaze angle, craniovertebral angle, trunk angle, lumbar angle, pelvic tilt from lateral view, and sway angle for right and left sides] showed excellent results, with ICC above 0.9, whereas ICC for pelvic tilt from the posterior view (0.813) was very good. SEM ranged from 0.28 to 1.5° and RMA showed no statistical difference between measurements of the same rater. ICC values for inter-rater reliability of all spinal postural angles ranged from 0.836 to 0.992. SEM ranged from 0.3 to 1.63° and RMA showed no statistical difference in measurements between different raters.
Conclusion
Surgimap Spine software is a reliable method for measuring spinal postural angles of adolescents from different views in standing position from digital photographs.
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Preoperative respiratory physical therapy program as a prehabilitation to improve inspiratory muscle function and quality of life in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgeries: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Heba M Mohamady, Intsar S Waked, Asmaa F Attalla
January-June 2016, 21(1):17-22
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.188030
Background
Respiratory complications are the most common complications after surgery.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative respiratory physical therapy program in improving inspiratory muscle function and quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgeries.
Patients and methods
Forty patients undergoing upper abdominal surgeries were selected from Kasr El-Aini Hospital; their ages ranged from 25 to 45 years. Patients were randomly assigned to the control or the physical therapy group. Only the physical therapy group received the preoperative chest physical therapy program. All treatment interventions were applied at a frequency of 6 days/week for 2 weeks. Outcome measures included maximum inspiratory pressure as a primary outcome measure and QoL scores as a secondary outcome measure. All outcome measures were measured for all patients 2 weeks before surgery, 24h before surgery, and 24h after surgery.
Results
Level of maximum inspiratory pressure and QoL scores were higher in the physical therapy group compared with the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion
It was concluded that preoperative respiratory physical therapy improves inspiratory muscle strength and QoL scores in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgeries.
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Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field on pain and nerve conduction velocity in patients with diabetic neuropathy
Kadrya Battecha
January-June 2017, 22(1):9-14
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.209877
Background
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common and disabling complication of diabetes mellitus.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Settings and design
A total of 30 patients with diabetic neuropathy from both sexes were selected from the Outpatient Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, with age ranging from 40 to 50 years. They were divided into two equal groups: PEMF group (group A) and control group (group B).
Materials and methods
Group A received PEMF with frequency of 50 Hz and intensity of 20 G in addition to traditional physical therapy program. Group B received traditional physical therapy program only. The treatment program was conducted three times per week for 4 weeks. Measurements of pain intensity by visual analog scale and peroneal nerve conduction velocity by computerized electromyography device were done before and after treatment.
Results
Results revealed that there was a significant reduction of pain intensity and significant improvement of peroneal nerve conduction velocity (m/s) in both groups (
P<
0.05), with slightly in favor of group A.
Conclusion
It could be concluded that PEMF combined with traditional physical therapy program has a positive effect on diabetic neuropathy symptoms.
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Effect of sex and neck positions on hand grip strength in healthy normal adults: a cross-sectional, observational study
Doaa I Amin, Moath Z Hawari, Hamada E.S Hassan, Haytham M Elhafez
January-June 2016, 21(1):42-47
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.188028
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sex and neck positions on hand grip strength in healthy normal adults.
Materials and methods
One hundred healthy adults of both sexes participated in this study. They were recruited from the students of the faculty of physical Therapy. Their ages ranged between 17 and 25 years. They were assigned to two equal groups according to their sex. Hand grip strength was measured in several neck positions. Grip strength was measured by using the Jamar handheld dynamometer, and the neck range of motion was measured by using the cervical range of motion.
Results
Among females, there was a significant difference between the hand grip strength in neutral position and in other neck positions (
P
=0.036). Among males, there was a significant difference between the hand grip strength in the neutral position and in other neck positions. Within neck positions, there was a significant difference (
P
<0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in the hand grip strength in various neck positions between the female and male groups (
P
<0.001).
Conclusion
Hand grip strength was affected by changing the neck positions in both sexes and the maximum grip strength measurement was in the neutral position of the neck.
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Effect of induced fatigue on dynamic postural balance in healthy young adults
Enas E Abutaleb, Assmaa H Mohamed
July-December 2015, 20(2):161-167
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.174699
Background
Fatigue may impair the proprioceptive and kinesthetic properties of joints and has been shown to have a negative effect on neuromuscular control, thus increasing the risk for injury.
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effect of induced whole-body fatigue on dynamic balance control in healthy young adults.
Participants and methods
Thirty healthy young participants of both sexes were included in this study; their ages ranged between 18 and 22 years. All of the participants were tested on the Biodex Stability System (BSS) at a stability level 4, subjected to induced fatigue on a treadmill, and then retested directly on the BSS again to evaluate dynamic postural balance.
Results
There was a significant decrease in the overall stability index, anteroposterior stability index, and mediolateral stability index of dynamic balance at stability level 4 of BSS in healthy young adults as
P
-values were 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively.
Conclusion and implication
It was concluded that induced whole-body fatigue decreased the dynamic postural balance (overall stability index, anteroposterior stability index, and mediolateral stability index) in healthy young adults. This implies that muscles of a fatigued individual are at increased risk for musculoskeletal injury, and steps should be taken during conditioning and rehabilitation programs to prevent muscle fatigue through balance training and endurance exercises to avoid disturbed balance related to fatigue among young healthy adults.
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Efficacy of class IV diode laser on pain and dysfunction in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-control trial
Mohamed S Alayat, Mohamed M Ali
January-June 2017, 22(1):40-45
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.209880
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of class IV diode laser on knee pain and functions in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Patients and methods
Fifty patients with a mean±SD) age of 55.68±8.88 years, height of 173.84±4.946 cm, weight of 83.86±5.28 kg, and BMI of 27.78±1.89 kg/cm
2
were randomly assigned equally into two groups (25 patients in each group). Group I received a multiwave locked system laser plus exercises and group II received placebo laser plus exercises three times weekly for 4 weeks. Exercise program was applied for both groups three times weekly for 4 weeks. The exercises included range of motion, stretching, isometric, and isotonic resisted exercises to the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale and knee function by using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis (WOMAC). Statistical analyses were performed to compare differences between baseline and post-treatment results for both groups.
Results
Visual analog scale and WOMAC were significantly decreased in both groups after 4 weeks of treatment, with a more significant decrease gained in group I (P>0.0001).
Conclusion
Class IV diode laser combined with exercise was more effective than exercise alone in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Multiwave locked system laser combined with exercise effectively decreased pain and WOMAC as compared with the placebo laser plus exercises group.
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Balance training versus reciprocal electrical stimulation on knee joint alignment in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy children
Wanees M Badawy, Mohamed B Ibrahim
July-December 2015, 20(2):146-153
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.174694
Background and purpose
Spastic diplegia is the most common pattern of motor impairment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) because of a number of deficits, including poor muscle control, weakness, impaired balance, and spasticity, which cause malalignment of the knee joint during standing and walking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of balance training (BT) versus reciprocal electrical stimulation (RES) of knee extensors and flexors on knee joint alignment in spastic diplegic CP children.
Materials and methods
Thirty children with spastic diplegic CP of both sexes were selected, ranging in age from 6 to 8 years. Children were divided randomly into two equal groups (I and II). Evaluation was performed before and after 12 weeks of treatment using a digital goniometer to measure range of motion of the knee joint, tape measurement to measure the distance between the buttock and the heel, and gross motor functional measure to provide functional evaluation of standing and walking abilities. Group I received a BT program on the Biodex balance system in addition to a selected physical therapy program. Group II received RES of knee extensors and flexors in addition to the same selected physical therapy program.
Results
Both BT and RES for 12 weeks in spastic diplegic CP seem to yield a beneficial and statistically significant increase in adjusting knee alignment and improving the functional abilities in standing and walking (
P
< 0.05). However, BT seems to exert a more beneficially and statistically significant effect than RES.
Conclusion
BT and RES have a significant effect on improving knee alignment in spastic diplegic CP children.
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Assessment of lumbar proprioception in participants with functional ankle instability: a cross-sectional study
Olfat Ibrahim Ali, Sahar Abdallah Alasar
July-December 2016, 21(2):74-79
DOI
:10.4103/1110-6611.196780
Background
Functional ankle instability (FAI) represents 40–75% of residual disability after acute lateral ankle sprain. FAI has been associated with impaired muscle strength and postural and neuromuscular control.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between FAI and lumbar proprioception.
Patients and methods
Thirty individuals of both sexes (17 female and 13 male) were selected. The FAI group included 15 participants (nine female and six male) and the control group included 15 normal individuals (eight female and seven male). Lumbar proprioception was assessed using the Biodex system 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer.
Results
There was a significant increase in repositioning error in the FAI group compared with the control group (
P
<0.001).
Conclusion
There was an association between FAI and an increase in lumbar reposition error compared with healthy individuals. This effect should be considered in the rehabilitation protocol of patients with FAI.
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Effect of pulsed electromagnetic therapy versus low-level laser therapy on bone mineral density in the elderly with primary osteoporosis: a randomized, controlled trial
Ashraf A.M. Abdelaal, Mona M Taha, Doaa I Amin, Amira H Draz
January-June 2017, 22(1):34-39
DOI
:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_58_16
Background
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly worldwide.
Aim
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (LFPEMFT) versus low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporotic elderly.
Patients and methods
A total of 60 participants with primary osteoporosis, aged 55–65 years, were randomly allocated into three groups: the LFPEMFT group (group I;
n
=20), the LLLT group (group II;
n
=20), and the control group (group III;
n
=20). Each treatment regimen was applied for 30 min, three times weekly for 3 months on the lumbar region. BMD was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results
There were significant increases in BMD in groups I and II, whereas there was a nonsignificant increase in group III (
P
<0.001, 0.001, and 0.14 for groups I, II, and III, respectively). Between groups, there were significant differences in BMD but in favor of group I (
P
<0.001). The mean values and percentages of change in BMD were −1.94±0.76 and 39.48%, −2.63±0.49 and 16.79%, and −3.19±0.54 and 0.79% in groups I, II, and III, respectively.
Conclusion
LFPEMFT and LLLT are useful therapeutic procedures to increase BMD in osteoporotic elderly. Furthermore, LFPEMFT is more effective than LLLT in increasing BMD in the elderly with primary osteoporosis.
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© Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
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Online since 18
th
December, 2015